Neurophysiology Applications

Electromyography

Electromyography and nerve conduction studies (EMG/NCS) are used to assess the function of muscles and peripheral nerves and to investigate a wide range of neuromuscular conditions.

EMG records the electrical activity of muscles at rest and during contraction, while ENG/NCS assesses signal conduction along peripheral nerves through stimulation and recording of the resulting response.

In these procedures, signal quality, recording accuracy and correct electrode positioning contribute to the quality and repeatability of measurements. Different techniques also require specific characteristics in terms of recording, stimulation and methods of use.

BIONEN develops electrodes and accessories for EMG and nerve conduction studies, with different configurations designed to meet the requirements of different techniques and procedures.

Electroencephalography

Electroencephalography (EEG) records the electrical activity of the brain through electrodes positioned on the scalp according to standardised placement systems, such as the international 10–20 system, and is used across different recording and monitoring protocols.

Different applications require specific characteristics in terms of signal quality and stability, repeatability of electrode positioning, patient comfort and recording duration. The number and arrangement of electrodes, materials, connections and application methods may therefore vary depending on the protocol and equipment used.

BIONEN develops EEG headcaps, recording electrodes and dedicated accessories available in different configurations. In addition to standard solutions, we can assess dedicated configurations in terms of electrode number and arrangement, materials, cable lengths and connections, according to specific application requirements and integration with EEG systems.

Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) uses different neurophysiological techniques to monitor the functional integrity of neural structures during surgery, including EMG, evoked potentials and EEG.

Different monitoring and stimulation techniques require specific characteristics in terms of signal stability, contact reliability, electrode positioning and ease of management during surgery. Anatomical site, procedure duration, monitoring technique and system configuration can result in very different requirements.

BIONEN develops electrodes and accessories for IONM, with recording and stimulation solutions available in different configurations. In addition to standard solutions, we can assess dedicated combinations of electrodes, cable types and lengths, connections and procedural configurations to meet specific application requirements and integration with monitoring systems.

Polysomnography

Polysomnography (PSG) is a multiparametric examination used to assess sleep through the simultaneous recording of different physiological signals

Recording multiple signals simultaneously, often over prolonged periods, requires stable contact, patient comfort, reliable connections and straightforward management of electrodes and cables. The number and position of recording sites, electrode types and connection configurations may vary depending on the protocol and PSG system used.

BIONEN develops electrodes and accessories for polysomnography, with configurations designed to suit different recording methods. The availability of different electrode types, cable lengths and connections also enables us to assess dedicated configurations and solutions compatible with different PSG systems, according to specific application requirements.

Evoked Potentials

Evoked potential (EP) testing records the electrical response of the nervous system to controlled stimuli and is used to assess conduction along specific neural pathways, including somatosensory, visual and auditory pathways.

As the recorded responses are generally low in amplitude, acquisition quality also depends on stable contact, artefact reduction, repeatable electrode positioning and correct management of recording and stimulation. Stimulus type, recording site and electrode configuration vary according to the technique and protocol used.

BIONEN develops electrodes and accessories for recording and stimulation in evoked potential testing, available in different configurations. The choice of electrode type, cable length and connection also enables us to assess dedicated configurations and solutions compatible with different neurophysiology systems, according to specific application requirements.